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Ghana generates electric power from hydropower, fossil-fuel (thermal energy), and renewable energy sources. Electricity generation is one of the key factors in order to achieve the development of the Ghanaian national economy, with aggressive and rapid industrialization; Ghana's national electric energy consumption was 265 kilowatthours per capita in 2009. Ghana exports some of its generated energy and fossil fuels to other countries.〔 Electricity transmission is under the operations of Ghana Grid Company.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gridcogh.com/en/about-us/overview.php )〕 The distribution of electricity is under Northern Electricity Distribution Company and Electricity Company of Ghana.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://northernghana.com/news/i/?n=2353 )〕 ==History== The first Ghana government-sponsored public electricity supply in Ghana commenced in the year 1914 at Sekondi-Takoradi, operated by the Ghana Railway Administration (Ghana Railway Corporation). Power supply was extended to Sekondi-Takoradi in 1928. The Ghana Public Works Department had commenced a limited direct current (DC) supply in Accra during the year 1922. A large alternating current (AC) project started on 1 November 1924, and a small plant consisting of three horizontal single cylinder oil-powered engines was installed in Koforidua in 1925. In 1926, work started on electrical distribution to Kumasi.〔 A restricted evening supply commenced in May 1927, and a power station was brought into full operation on 1 October 1927.〔 In the same year DC supply was installed at Winneba but this was subsequently changed to AC by extending an existing supply from Swedru and during the period 1929-30, a limited electricity supply was extended to Tamale until a new AC plant was installed in 1938.〔 The next power station to be established was Cape Coast in 1932 which was subsequently taken over by the Ghana Electricity Department in 1947.〔 A Ghanaian power station at Swedru was commissioned in 1948 and this was followed by the installation of generating plants at Oda, Dunkwa-on-Offin and Bolgatanga in 1948.〔 On 27 May 1949, an electricity supply was made available at Nsawam through the building of an 11000 volt overhead transmission line from Accra.〔 The Keta electricity supply which was included in the programme was delayed by staff difficulties and was not commissioned until 1955.〔 The Tema power station was commissioned in 1956 with a 3 x diesel generating set.〔 The Ho power station followed in 1957 and from 1961-64.〔 The Tema power station was extended to a maximum capacity of , thus, making it probably the biggest single diesel-powered generating station in Africa.〔 In 1963 the Ghana Electricity Division brought into operation the first 161,000 volts transmission system in Ghana, which was used to carry power from the Tema Power Station. At its peak in 1965, about 75 percent of the power was used in Accra.〔 In 1994, Ghana's total generating capacity was about 1,187 megawatts, and annual production totaled approximately 4,490 million kilowatts and the main source of supply is the Volta River Authority with six 127-megawatt turbines.〔 The Volta River Authority's Akosombo Hydroelectric Project provided the bulk of all electricity consumed in Ghana, some 60 percent of which is purchased by Volta Aluminum Company (Valco)for its smelter. The power plant export amounted to an estimated equivalent of 180,000 tons of oil in 1991.〔 The balance of Ghana's electricity was produced by diesel units owned by the Electricity Corporation of Ghana, by mining companies, and by a hydroelectric plant at Kpong, about 40 kilometers downstream from Akosombo. A third dam at Bui on the Black Volta River had been under study for some time, with the aim of increasing power supplies in northern Ghana and for export; the project is as of 2013 in the late stages of construction.〔 Other sites with the potential for power generation, on the Pra River (Ghana), the Tano River, the White Volta River, and the Ankobra River, would also require substantial investment.〔Clark, Nancy L. "Electrical Power". ''(A Country Study: Ghana )'' (La Verle Berry, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (November 1994). "This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain".()〕 Ghana has attempted to increase distribution of its electricity throughout the country. One program, Ghana has initiated, will provide reliable and widespread electricity in the urban and southern parts of the country.In addition, the extension of the national grid to the Northern Region was commissioned in 1989. The extension links northern Ghana to the power generated from the Akosombo Dam.〔 The second phase of the extension will connect major towns in Upper East Region with the regional capital, Bolgatanga, at a cost of US$100 million.〔 The final phase will see exports of electricity across the northern national border of Ghana to Burkina-Faso.〔 In early 1991, furthermore, the Electricity Corporation of Ghana began the expansion of electricity networks in the northwestern areas of Accra and the Ghanaian corporation aimed to extend the supply of electricity to all isolated centers in Ghana where diesel is the main source of power.〔 Plans were also afoot to increase the supply of electricity by utilization of thermal energy and construction was anticipated by late 1994 on the country's first thermal power generating plant near Sekondi-Takoradi and scheduled for completion in 1997, the plant contributed of electricity to the Ghana national grid.〔 Since 2007, Ghana has become an electricity exporter and since 2011 an exporter of crude oil, and natural gas,〔 and a generator of electricity by thermal energy, hydropower, solar energy and renewable energies since 2012.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Electricity sector in Ghana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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